HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE for beginners
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a markup language that allows users to create static web pages.
An HTML file contains markup tags (elements).A tag is a text instruction that tells the web browser how to display the contents between the tags.
An HTML file must have a .htm or .html file extension.The file can be created using a text editor.
HTML TAGS
HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html> .HTML tags normally come in pairs. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag.
GENERAL FORMAT OF AN HTML TAG
<tagname attribute = “value”>……</tagname>
The start tag indicates the beginning of a command and the end tag, with a forward slash ( / ) inside it, indicates where that command should end. HTML tags are not case sensitive. HTML tags can have attributes. Attributes provide additional information about the tag to the browser. Attributes are always specified in the start tag.
Elements (tag) with no tag content are called empty tags. Its GENERAL FORMAT is as follows <tagname attribute = “value” />
HTML documents start with the <HTML> tag and ends with </HTML>. HTML documents are divided into two sections: the head and the body. The head section contains information about the document such as the title of the web page, information about the web page required for search engines, style sheets etc.
<title> — Defines the document title.
<meta>Provides meta-information about the web page, such as descriptions and keywords for search engines, refresh rates etc. It has no end tag.
background -Specifies a background image
bgcolor-Specifies a background color
text-Specifies the color of the text
The <p> tag marks the beginning of a paragraph. </p> tag is optional.
The <br> tag is used to end a line without starting a new paragraph. The tag forces a line break wherever it is placed. The <br> tag has no end tag.
The <pre> tag defines preformatted text. The text enclosed in the pre element usually preserves spaces and line breaks.
The <hr> tag inserts a horizontal rule. The tag has no end tag.
The <center> tag centers its enclosed text horizontally.
A definition list starts with the <dl> tag. Each definition-list term starts with the <dt> tag and each definition of a term starts with the <dd> tag.Regular lists can be categorized as ordered lists and unordered lists.Ordered Lists is a list of items with the list items marked with numbers. An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
Eg:-<ol>
<li> Apples </li>
<li> Oranges </li>
<li> Grapes </li>
</ol>
Unordered Lists is a list of items with the list items marked with bullets.An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
TEXT STYLES
Headings are defined with <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the largest heading. <h6> defines the smallest heading.
The <b> tag displays text in boldface.
The <i> tag displays text in italics.
The <u> tag displays text that is underlined
The <font> tag specifies the font face, font size, and font color of text.
The <a> tag (anchor tag) is used to create links.
Syntax: <a href = “URL”> …….</a>
The <img> tag places an image in an HTML document. It has no end tag.
Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows with the <tr> tag, and each row is divided into data cells with the <td> tag. Headings in a table are defined with the <th> tag.
